Gadzira runyorwa rwezvakanakisa vanyori vemimhanzi vekare inogara iri pasi. Mazita akakosha kwazvo acharamba achishayikwa. Mhando dzakasiyana dzemimhanzi, dzakasiyana nguva munhoroondo, dzakasiyana kwazvo zviridzwa, pane zvakawanda zvingasarudzwa.
Mumhanzi wekare wakagara uchiperekedza munhu, neimwe nzira kana imwe. Kune vanyori vakapihwa zita remadunhurirwa rekuti "njere".
Richard Wagner (1813-1883)
Wagner anga ari mumwe wevanonyanya kuzivikanwa vanyori vemimhanzi vanyori veGerman wenguva dzose. Asi aive zvakare mudzidzisi.
Mamwe emadhirama ake anozivikanwa kwazvo akamusimudzira kumusoro, atove muhupenyu. Inyaya ye "Flying Dutchman ", kana"Tannhäuser ”, muchikamu chayo chekutanga.
Como wezvematongerwo enyika anofarira, vakapinda mukuyedza kwakasiyana kwekuchinja kuGerman, saka aifanira kutiza munyika uye kunopotera kuParis kana Zurich. Kubva panguva iyoyo kwaizouya mabasa akadai se "The Twilight of the Gods", "Siegfried", "The Valkyrie" kana "Tristan naIsolde".
Kubva Chikamu chekupedzisira chehupenyu hwake, atove muhutano husina kusimba, mutambo we "Parsifal".
Tinogona kufunga nezvaWagner se muimbi pakukwirira kwerudo mumimhanzi, pamwe nekushandiswa kweese anogona zviwanikwa kusimudzira mazano avo.
Giuseppe Verdi (1813-1901)
Verdi ndizvo nhamba inotungamira yeopera muItaly uye mumwe wevanonyanya kuzivikanwa vanyori vekuimba nziyo pasi rese. Aive aine tarenda rinoshamisa remimhanzi kubvira achiri mudiki. Basa rake rekutanga raive "Oberto Comte di San Bonifacio". Uye kubva kwazviri vamwe vazhinji vaizouya, vakadai se "Zuva rekutonga" kana "Nabuco".
Mabasa aVerdi akadarika zvakanyanya ndeaya “El Trouvador "," La Traviata "uye" Aida ". Iwo maOpera maviri ekutanga, anga aine mukurumbira wakawanda kusvika nhasi, aigara achigamuchirwa nesosaiti yemimhanzi yenguva iyoyo. Na "Aida", mhinduro kubva kuruzhinji yakanga yakanaka kwazvo.
Johannes Brahms (1833-1897)
Brahms akasarudzika, achangotanga basa rake remimhanzi, mu piano, kunyora mabasa madiki uye kutanga kushanya aine makore makumi maviri. Mariri aisangana neGerman Robert Schumann, uyo aishamisika nehunhu hwevechidiki maBrahms.
Zvingangove mugore ra1868 apo muimbi aizowana kuzivikanwa semumwe wevanyori venziyo dzemhando yepamusoro muEurope yose, nekuda kwekuratidzwa kwe "ChiGerman Chinodiwa". Muna 1874 akasiya mabasa ese marudzi nenzvimbo, kuti azvipire zana muzana kumimhanzi.
Pakati peunyanzvi hwake ndeye yakanakisa Symphony Nha. 1 muC madiki op. 68 (1876); Symphony No. 2 muD makuru op. 73 (1877); Kuwedzeredzwa kwemutambo wevadzidzi op. 80 (1880), nenziyo dzevadzidzi veGerman; rima rinotyisa Overture (1881); Symphony No. 3 muF makuru op. 90 (1883), uye iyo Symphony No. 4 muE diki op. 98 (1885), ine magumo anoshamisa, ayo anofamba.
Mimhanzi yakanyorwa neBrahms yaibva iyo yakanakisa yechinyakare tsika. Akashandisa mitsva mitsva kusimudzira nuances. Uyu muimbi ane rudo ainyanya kuda, uye aizozvigadzirisazve zvidimbu makore mashoma gare gare, uye nemusanganiswa wakasiyana wezviridzwa.
Igor Stravinsky (1882-1971)
Munyori akakurumbira weRussia seye anonyanya kukosha mumhanzi muzana rese reXNUMXth century. Iye pachake akarondedzera hupenyu hwake mune yake nhoroondo yehupenyu "Stravinsky: nhoroondo yehupenyu", rakaburitswa muNew York muna 1939.
Pazera remakore makumi maviri, Igor wechidiki aizove mudzidzi weiye ainyanya kukosha mudzidzisi weRussia panguva iyoyo: Rimski-Korsakov, aive muimbi akakosha panguva iyoyo. Pasi pesimba rake iye akanyorawo ake maviri ekutanga mabasa mukati meake maitiro: Fireworks (Feu d'artifice) uye Anoshamisa Scherzo, iyo ichaita kuti izivikanwe munharaunda yemimhanzi yenguva iyoyo.
Ballet yakaitwa kurongeka "Nyoni", Yakave yakabudirira yakazara uye ndokuisimudza pasi rese.
Basa rake remimhanzi rakaratidza shanduko yake yekusingaperi muchitaera. Chimiro chekutanga cheRussia, yakapusa, nguva yeNeoclassical gare gare uye pakupedzisira imwe inonzi serialist. Akagadzira akawanda mabasa, pakati pawo ari: "Petroushka" (1911) uye "The Rite of Spring" (1913), "Renard" (1916), "Nyaya yemusoja" (1916), "Symphony in C" ( 1940), "Symphony mukufamba katatu" (1945), "Apollo" (1928) uye "Symphony yeMapisarema" (1930).
Pakati pemabasa ake achangoburwa pane aya: "Cantata "(1951)," Muna Memoriam Dylan Thomas "(1954)," Canticum sacrum naThereni "(1958). Pasina kupokana, mumwe wevanyori vakakurumbira wekufunga.
Claude Debussy (1862-1918)
Debussy inokura nzira itsva yekunzwisisa mutauro wemumhanzi, neruzha ruchachinja nguva yarwo.
ari Kutanga kwaDebussy kwanga kusiri nyore. Aive mwana wekutanga mumhuri yevanun'una vashanu, vevabereki vanozvininipisa. Akanga asingakwanise kuenda kuchikoro uye baba vake, mutengesi murombo, vaitarisira kuti dangwe rake rive sairi.
Kutenda kuna godfather vake, muunganidzi wehunyanzvi, akatanga kugamuchira makirasi emimhanzi aine makore matanhatu. Uye zvakachinja hupenyu hwake. Pazera regumi aive achitotamba piyano uye akahwina mibairo yekutanga. Akanga aine tarenda rekuzvarwa, uye muna 1880 akanyora "Trio yepiyano muG major", rimwe remabasa ake ekutanga makuru.
Basa rake rinozivikanwa chikamu "Mwenje wemwedzi". Ndiye aive wekutanga kunyora kushandisa izere toni sikero zvinobudirira. Yakagadzira mhepo isinganzwisisike uye inonakidza iyo yakamusunungura kubva pane zvaisingakwanise kuita semunhu wese.
Inotariswa se muimbi wekufungidzira, uye tinogona kuzviona mumutambo wake we "Peleas y Melisande", izvo zvakamupa kuzivikanwa zvakajeka.
Debussy aivewo mutsoropodzi mukuru wemimhanzi, kunyanya kurodha pane yechinyakare yeGerman opera.
Franz Peter Schubert (1797-1828)
Nguva pfupi apedza kudzidza kuridza piyano, achiri mudiki kwazvo, aive atokwanisa kuiridza zvirinani kupfuura mukoma wake, anga ave mukudzidzira kwenguva yakareba. Mhuri yake yakaita zvese zvainogona kuti imupe dzidzo yemumhanzi yakanaka.
Mairi danho repwere, Schubert akanyora mimhanzi yakawanda panguva imwechete yaakaidzidzisa. Akanyora, kwete nekukumbira, asi kwekunakidzwa chete. Mutambo "Gretchen am Spinnrade", akanyora aine makore gumi nemanomwe. Zvinonzi akanyora mimhanzi kanenge asingafunge.
Una hutachiona hutachiona hwakanga huchitanga kupera hupenyu hwake. Mumakore ake ekupedzisira (akafa aine 31), mumhanzi wake wakaridza kusuruvara, zvichienderana nepfungwa dzake parufu.
Yake "isina kupera" symphony yakave inozivikanwa kwazvo. Inongova nemafambiro maviri chete. Zvinotaridza kuti basa iri rakagadzirirwa chete pfungwa yehungwaru, kwete kuitwa.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791)
Mashoko aHaydn, rimwe remazita makuru munhoroondo yemimhanzi yechinyakare, kuna baba vaMozart, aive: «Mwanakomana wavo ndiye munyori mukurusa ati amboona. "
Chinhu chekutanga chinobata kutarisisa kwehunyanzvi hwemimhanzi ndeye akasiyana akasiyana masitaera anoumba repertoire yayo. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti ndiye chete wevatenzi vakuru vaishanda pamhando dzese dzenguva yake aine kufarira kwakafanana.
Iyo zvakare inosimbisa iyo chido chekuumbwa, iyo yaifamba naye kweupenyu hwake hwese. Aive mumwe wevanyori vakakurumbira vemumhanzi wekare uye akanyanyisa zvekuti akayambuka miganho yezvinonzwisiswa nemwana mudiki.
Avo vaimuziva vakamutsanangura se munhu wepanyika, ane shungu uye anonatsa mafaro ehupenyu, kupedza mutambi uye hukama hwakakura hwehukama. Saka ngano yakasikwa yekuti Mozart wepanyika haana kana chekuita naMozart uyo akagara piyano, sekunge munhu ari pamusoro akabata murume asipo uye anoseka aiziva vepedyo.
Mozart akanyora nziyo dzinopfuura mazana matanhatuPakati payo pane makumi mana nenhanhatu nhetembo, masasi makumi maviri, zana nemakumi manomwe nesere piano sonatas, makumi maviri nemanomwe piano concertos, matanhatu e violin, makumi maviri nematatu opera, mamwe makumi matanhatu nziyo dzeorchestral nemazana emamwe mabasa.
Zvake nziyo dzekutanga dzakaitwa pakati pemakore mashanu ne5. Pazera ramakore gumi nemapfumbamwe aive achitonyora masimfoni.
Kune zvidimbu zvakawanda zvinogona kumira kunze kwake kwekugadzira mimhanzi. Semuenzaniso chete, isu ticha taura. Iyo "Requiem", iyo "Concert yekugadzwa", iyo "Little husiku mimhanzi", "Muchato waFigaro", "Don Giovanni" kana "Iyo nyere yemashiripiti".
Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827)
Mumumhanzi waBeethoven, tinopupurira a ukuru hwepfungwa pamusoro pechimiro. Basa rake, rinova ndomumwe wevanyori vakakurumbira vemimhanzi yechinyakare, rinogona kuganhurwa muzvikamu zvitatu, chiratidzo chekupokana pakati pekare neramangwana, pakati pechinyakare nerudo.
Mairi nguva yekutanga Yake yekutanga piano sonatas uye quartet anomira kunze, akanyanya kufurirwa neMozart's violin uye piano sonatas. Sonata inonzi "Patética" muenzaniso wenguva ino.
A Pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, dambudziko remunhu rakatanga muBeethoven raizotaridza kugadzirwa kwake kwemimhanzi gare gare, yakabva mukusagadzikana kwake kwekunzwa, uye pamusoro pezvose kubva matsi dzake. "Fidelio" yaive yake yega opera.
Mairi yekupedzisira nhanho kugadzirwa kwayo kunotora madhayi echitendero. La Symphony No. 9, kudana Coral, ndiro basa rine mukurumbira padanho rino. Kupera kwayo kunoshamisa ndeimwe yekutanga kufambiswa kwenzwi remunhu kuita nhetembo. Izvo zvakakoshawo kutaura yake "Solemn Mass".
Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750)
Johann Sebastian Bach ndemumwe wevanyori vakakurumbira vemimhanzi yechinyakare aive zvakare muridzi weGerman, violinist, chapelmaster uye muimbi. Ndiye rimwe remazita akakura enguva yeBaroque. Basa rake rakazara, rizere nehunyanzvi kukwana uye hukuru hwehunyanzvi.
Nhengo yetsika yemhuri huru, iye akatevera baba vake uye vana vake vakamutevera. Asi nekure, Johan Sebastian ndiye aive akakosha chidimbu mubaroque reGerman. Uye simba rake rakasvika kumatunhu ese epasi.
Bach inofungidzirwa nyanzvi yehunyanzvi hwemimhanzi counterpoint. Pakati pemabasa ake anozivikanwa pane "Brandenburg Concertos", "Akanaka-Akatsamwa Clavier", "Toccata naFugue muna D madiki", uye mamwe akawanda.
Kana iwe uchida kuziva zvakawanda classical mumhanzi maartist, tinya pane iyi link yatichangobva kukusiya. Unoziva here zvakawanda vanyori vemimhanzi vekare izvo zvinokodzera kuve mune izvi zvinyorwa?