Kafa manufar Kiɗan gargajiya na iya zama aiki mai wahala. Gabaɗaya, galibi ya ƙunshi kusan duk abubuwan kida. Kuma ko da yake yana da tsawaitaccen lokaci a waje da wuraren tarihi ko na ilimi, ba daidai bane.
Wasu masana tarihi sun taƙaita keɓance kiɗan gargajiya tsakanin shekarun 1550 da 1900. Amma sai farkon farkon karni na XNUMX ne kalmar ta bayyana.
Wasu masu bincike da masu ilimin kida suna jayayya da cewa Tun daga shekara ta 1000, a cikin tsoffin tsakiyar zamanai, an riga an ƙirƙiri wasu abubuwan kida da ake kira "Classics". Hakazalika, suna nuna cewa samar da wannan nau'in ya ci gaba har zuwa zamaninmu, tare da bambance -bambancen fasaha da al'adu ta kowane zamani.
Ala kulli hal, taron al'adu ne mai matukar muhimmanci. Mawaƙin "na gargajiya" ƙwararre ne da aka horar da shi a cikin fasahar sa, wanda shine dalilin da yasa aka kuma bayyana wannan nau'in a matsayin Waƙar Al'adu ko Ilimin Gargajiya.
Babban banbanci tare da duk wani faɗan kiɗa na sanannen asali, shine aiwatarwa tsarin alamar alama, hanya mai hoto da mawaƙa ke amfani da ita don tsara ayyukansu. Ingantawa da rashin daidaituwa suna iyakance ga mafi ƙarancin. Kodayake a cikin abubuwan da aka tsara, gwanin yana da alaƙa ta asali.
Manyan Mawakan Kiɗan Gargajiya
Na gaba, za mu yi bita wasu daga mawakan kiɗan gargajiya mai mahimmanci .. Za mu kuma yi bitar wasu da yawa, duk da cewa ayyukan kiɗansa sun gabatar da halayen nau'in, ba su rayu cikin abin da aka sani da zamanin da ya dace ba, wanda ke tsakanin 1750 zuwa 1820.
Frederick Chopin (Maris 1, 1810 - Oktoba 17, 1849)
Mawaƙin Poland, wanda aka fi sani da nagartarsa a matsayin ɗan wasan piano. An dauke shi a matsayin babban wakilin kide -kide na kide -kide, daya daga cikin mafi kyawun lokacin salo a cikin Kiɗan gargajiya.
Nasa Abubuwan da aka tsara don piano suna daga cikin mafi ganewa cikin tarihin duniya na zane -zane. Abubuwa kamar Taron jana'iza o Op. 9 No. 2Gaskiya ne "Classics".
Ko da yake ƙasa da yawa, (kuma tare da ƙarancin tasiri), shi aikin orchestral, kazalika da Chamber da Vocal Music, koyaushe suna da piano a matsayin jarumi.
Ludwig Van Beethoven (Disamba 16, 1770 - Maris 26, 1827)
Na mawakan gargajiya tare mafi girma da bambancin samarwa. Babu salon kiɗan da bai yi aiki da shi ba.
Kodayake waƙoƙinsa guda tara suna wakiltar mafi girman abin da ya gada, nasa kida don piano, kazalika da kide -kide ko ayyukansa masu alfarma, a tsakanin wasu, sune kamar yadda suka shahara.
Su Cikakken Wata Sonata don piano, A. Symphony na Biyar o Waƙar yabo ga Joy (Symphony na tara), suna daga cikin abubuwan da aka fi sani da su.
Antonio Vivaldi (Maris 4, 1678 - 28 ga Yuli, 1741)
Dan wasan violin na Italiya kuma mawaki, wakilin matsakaicin ƙaƙƙarfan lokacin baroque.
Duk da yawan ayyukan sa a matsayin firist kuma mai shirya wasan opera da wasan kwaikwayo, ya ƙunshi kusan ayyukan 750, ciki har da kide kide da wake -wake 400 da wasan kwaikwayo 46.
Aikin da ya fi shahara shi ne, babu shakka, Lokutan guda hudu.
Wojciech Kilar (Yuli 17, 1932 - 29 ga Disamba, 2013)
Wannan mawaƙin na Poland ya sami sananne a duk duniya godiya ga ayyukansa na fim. Abubuwan da ya tsara don fina -finai kamar Dracula (1993) na Francis Ford Coppola ko Mai wasan piano (2002) na Roman Polanski suna da ban mamaki.
Duk da haka, ayyukansa na "na gargajiya" ko na ilimi duka daidai suke. Wakoki biyu na mawaƙa da ƙungiyar makaɗa sun yi fice: Fitowa, wanda aka rubuta a 1984 da Te Dum na 2008.
Wolfang Amadeus Mozart (Janairu 27, 1756 - Disamba 5, 1791)
Tare da Beethoven, shine daya daga cikin mawakan da suka yi fice a tarihi, har ma sun wuce fagen ilimi.
Ayyukansa sun mamaye dukkan nau'ikan kiɗan daga lokacin da ya rayu. Masana tarihin rayuwarsa da abubuwan gado sun yi iƙirarin cewa ya gama kida na farko tun yana ɗan shekara biyar kacal. A ƙarshen gajeriyar rayuwarsa amma mai albarka, ya tafi fiye da halittun 600.
Haskaka wasu guntun nasa sama da sauran ba shi da sauƙi. nasa Requiem a cikin D Ƙananan Yana daya daga cikin wakilan da suka fi yawa.
Richard Wagner (Mayu 22, 1813 - Fabrairu 13, 1883)
Baya ga kasancewa mawaki, ya kasance fitaccen mawaƙi kuma mawaƙin kida.. Ya yi nasarar shiga cikin haruffa a matsayin mawaki, marubuci, kuma marubucin wasan kwaikwayo.
Bayan aikinsa na kiɗan kiɗa, ya kasance mutum mai cikakken tunani. Ya ci gaba da manufar Total Artwork, wanda a cikinsa aka haɗa dukkan abubuwan fasaha: kiɗa, rawa, shayari, zane -zane, sassaka da gine -gine.
La ƙarfi ƙarfi da tashin hankali na wasu ɓangarorin nasa, nuna abin da ya kasance ƙalubale kuma koyaushe mai rikitarwa.
Dan Dutch Dutch y Ride na Valkyries, suna daga cikin fitattun ayyukan makaɗa.
Johann Sebastian Bach (Maris 1685 - Yuli 1750)
Tare da Vivaldi, Babban aikinsa na kiɗa yana wakiltar kololuwar lokacin Baroque. Har ila yau, yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu fasaha a fagen ilimi.
A matsayin mawaki, an dauke shi a matsayin babban maigida na ƙarshe. A matsayin ƙwararren mawaƙin garaya, ya ja hankali a zamaninsa don iya haɓakarsa a gaban makullin.
Wasan kwaikwayo, sonatas, suites, overtures, fantasies da bambancin yi fice a cikin babban repertoire.
Toccata da fugue a cikin D ƙananan y Wasan kwaikwayo na Brandenburg, biyu ne daga cikin muhimman ayyukansa.
Claude Debussy (Agusta 22, 1862 - Maris 25, 1918)
Wannan mawakin Faransa ya shiga karni na XNUMX, tare da sababbin sautunan don lokacin.
Ana la'akari a matsayin magabaci na kiɗan zamani, ya kasance a lokaci guda mai zane -zane wanda ke ƙima da daraja sautunan gargajiya na baya.
Piano suite Hasken Wata shi ne abin ƙirarsa, godiya a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, don yawan amfani da shi a cikin sinima.
Richard Strauss (Yuni 11, 1864 - 8 ga Satumba, 1849)
Wani mawaki wanda ya buɗe hanya zuwa sautunan zamani.
Ya saita sauti da nasa Wakokin Kalmomi, qagaggun wanda tushen wahayi kusan koyaushe yana cikin adabi.
Macbeth, Don Quixote, Sancho Panza da Don Juanwasu daga cikin haruffan da suka sami wakilcin kiɗansu godiya ga wannan mawaƙin na Jamus.
Aikin da ya fi sani yanzu shi ne Ta haka ne Zarathustra ya yi magana, nishaɗin kyauta na rubuce -rubucen masanin falsafa Friedrich Nietzsche. Sanannen wannan yanki yafi yawa saboda gaskiyar cewa Stanley Kubrick yayi amfani da buɗe ta a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na fim ɗin sa. 2001: A Space Odyssey.
Tushen hoto: YouTube / Diario 16 / WOSU Radio