Middle Ages inoonekwa seyakaipisisa nguva yevanhu. Nguva yerima nekudzoreredza. Tsvina pane nhoroondo yenharaunda dzekuMadokero.
Zvakarongeka, iri chikamu chinosanganisira chete Europe. Izvo zvakanzwisiswa kubvira gore 476. Kuwa kweWestern Roman Empire ndiko kutanga. Ndeipi mimhanzi iyo nhanho yenhoroondo yatisiyira?
Kupera kweMiddle Ages kunozivikanwa nekudonha kweEastern Roman Empire, inonyatso kuzivikanwa seByzantine Humambo, muna 1453. Zuva iri rinowirirana nekugadzirwa kwemuchina wekudhinda uye kutsikisa kwe Gutenberg Bhaibheri.
Mamwe magwaro enhoroondo anogadzirisa iyo kupera kweMiddle Ages nekusvika kwaChristopher Columbus muAmerica muna 1492.
Iyo Middle Ages: ropa, ziya uye misodzi
Nguva yepakati nepakati inenge yakabatana zvisingaenzanisike neBvunzurudzo, chimiro chakasimudzirwa muchidimbu neChechi yeKaturike. Yakanga iri pamusoro kuranga - kazhinji, nemutongo werufu - avo vanoonekwa sevanyengeri.
Asi MaKaturike akapedzisira ave vanyajambwa yekutambudzwa munzvimbo dzinotongwa nemaPurotesitendi. Idzi dzaive nguva dzakaipa kune chero munhu aine fungidziro shoma yekuroya. Kazhinji mazuva ake aiperera mumaoko emutongi.
Hondo dzorudzidziso dzakanga dziri nhimbe dzaitungamirirwa napapa nechinangwa chekumisazve hutongi hwevaRoma pamusoro peNzvimbo Tsvene. Uye zvakaitika munguva iyi. VaMuslim, maJuda, maOrthodox Vakristu, maGiriki, maRussia, maMongolia uye vese avo vaipokana nepapa. Ivo vese vaive mukati mezvinangwa zvekupfurwa pasi
Sayenzi nehunyanzvi: kumira uye kuzviisa pasi
Iwo mazwi anonyanya kushoropodza enguva yepakati anovimbisa kuti panguva ino, kufambira mberi musainzi hakupo. Ivo vanoti izvi "kumira" nekushaikwa kwemaitiro esainzi. Ivo vanopomera zvakananga kutya kwakakonzerwa ne "Holy Inquisition." Chero ani zvake aimutsa kusahadzika pamusoro pemitemo yakamisikidzwa aigona njodzi yekupomerwa kupanduka. Chinangwa chaive chekuguma panjodzi (kana kugurwa musoro, kana nekurembera).
Mune hunyanzvi, ava vatsoropodzi vanopokana kuti chiuru chemakore pakati pezana rechina neregumi nemashanu emakore anomiririra yakarasika nguva. Ivo vanovakira chirevo ichi chekupedzisira pamusoro enzanisa tsika dzeMiddle Ages neyekare uye yekupedzisira nhoroondo nhoroondo. Girisi uye dzakasiyana nhanho kuratidzwa kweGreek-Roma tsika kune rumwe rutivi. Iyo Renaissance uye kumutswa kwekuziva kwaizouya neiyo Yemazuva Age, pane imwe.
Iyo capitalist system uye pfungwa dzeNhasi State iyo yaizosimudzirwa muEurope mushure mezana ramakore regumi nemashanu, vaive nazvo mavambo mune anti-Feudal State nzira ayo akakwenenzverwa muhafu yechipiri yeMiddle Ages.
Mune hunyanzvi, pakati pezvimwe zviratidzo, zvinoratidzwa rwizi runooneka nyore rwekuvaka uye, kushamisika uye kusagadzikana kwevamwe, kutsungirira kuburikidza nenguva, sezvazviri Gothic maitiro.
Uye padanho remimhanzi, muMiddle Ages iyo mimhanzi notation system yakazvarwa iyo yaizochinja nyika zvachose: Pentagram.
Mumhanzi weMiddle Ages
Nziyo dzeMiddle Ages dzinogona kukamurwa mumapoka makuru maviri:
Mumhanzi unoyera: rakabatana zvikuru neChechi yeKaturike nedzimba dzemamongi, dzaingova nechinangwa chokunamata Mwari. Kunyangwe hazvo pakutanga vakuru vechechi vakatarisa tsika yese yemumhanzi vakasunga chiso, vakakurumidza kuziva mota inoshanda kudzidzisa vakatendeka uye vatendi.
Zvakavabvumidzawo kusvetuka dambudziko rakakura pazvinangwa zvavo: voruzhinji zvikuru vavagari vemo veMiddle Ages yeEurope vakanga vasingagoni kurava nokunyora. Kuburikidza nenziyo, vaigona kuzivisa iwo magwaro matsvene, vasina kumbopa vanhu "simba" rekuziva kuverenga.
Profane Music: Ruzhinji kutaura, zvinoreva zvese izvo zvakaimbwa nekuitwa kunze kwe "masimba aMwari." Vananyanduri, nhengo dzevanhu vakuru, ndivo vaikurudzira zvikuru. Troubadours uye minstrels zvakare anowira muchikamu ichi.
Matimu enziyo dzaive dzakasiyana kwazvo, inonyanya kuzivikanwa kuve iyo yaitsvaga kusimudzira rudo uye kudanana, pamwe nemagamba mabasa.
Vakuru vezvitendero havana kuzvibvuma hapana kuratidzwa kwemimhanzi kunogadzirwa muchipfuva chakakurumbira, pasina chinangwa chinoera.
Varidzi vembira -Vanyori vaibatanidza kuimba nemumhanzi nemasekisi art- ndivo vaitambudzwa zvakanyanya, dzimwe nguva vachipomedzerwa vapanduki.
La kushomeka kwe "zviri pamutemo" kuzivikanwa kwekuratidzwa kwechihedheni.
Kunze kwezvimiririri zvemifananidzo apo vaimbi vakatorwa vachiita hunyanzvi hwavo, mashoma "akavimbika" manyuko zvinyorwa zvakabva muChechi yeKaturike.. Mune aya "mareports" ivo vakatsutsumwa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, vachipesana ne "isina mwero" mazwi akaimbwa nemapistadours nevaimbi.
Nziyo dzaGregory
Kana pane iconographic mumhanzi chigadzirwa kubva kuMiddle Ages, ndiyo Gregorian Chant.
Vane zita ravo kuna Pope Gregory I, uyo, mukunopera kwezana ramakore rechishanu, akakurudzira kubatanidzwa kwemimhanzi yechinamato inoshandiswa kuMassisa. Kusvika panguva iyoyo, dunhu rega rega renharaunda pamwe nekondinendi yakare yaive neyakajairwa kuita mumachechi.
Zvakasiyana nezvakanga zvoitika kusvika panguva iyoyo, Nziyo dzaGregory dzinotora chiLatin semutauro wekurumbidza kwavo. Izvi zvakatungamira kumapisarema aishandiswa muvanhu vazhinji aifanira kududzirwa muchiLatin prose.
Pakutanga, vakaimbwa nziyo dzakakomba ayo, kazhinji, akaitwa kubva mundangariro nekwaya yemanzwi echirume. Zvishoma nezvishoma, mukutanga kweChechi yeKaturike, nzvimbo dzakavhurwa kuti dzigadziriswe, nechinangwa chekusimudzira manzwiro evaya vakapinda mumhemberero dzaMwari.
Kunge ingangoita mimhanzi yese yeMiddle Ages, Gregorian Chants vane monodic (nezwi rimwe). Chaizvoizvo yakazotevera polyphony, iyo kukura kwayo kwaigona nekuda kwekuonekwa kweiyo pentagram (iyo zvakare yakabvumidza iko kunyatso kuendesa kweruzivo rwemimhanzi, pasina zvinoenderana neyekurangarira kwevanhu), yakaratidza kupera kwenguva kwekukwirisa kukuru kweichi tsika chetsika.
Zvimhanzi
Kunyangwe mazhinji ekuratidzwa kwemimhanzi kweMiddle Ages aine chiratidzo (uye mune zvimwe zviitiko chakasarudzika) chikamu chezwi, nguva iyi yakabvumidza iyo kugadzirwa kwenhamba yakanaka yezviridzwa, mazhinji acho akapona, pamwe nekusiyana, kusvika nhasi.
Pakati pezviratidzo zvakanyanya ndezvekuti rudimbwa, mbira, monochord uye gitare pakati pezviridzwa zvine tambo. Nenyere nenyere zvinomirawo panze.
Zvinyorwa zvemifananidzo: MusicaAntigua.com / WordPress.com katherinloaiza98 - WordPress.com Mumhanzi wekare muChile