Mumhanzi wechiJapan unowanzo sunganidzwa nekuzorora, kufungisisa, uye yoga, zvakare nerunyararo, kudzikama, runyararo uye kuwirirana. Zvese zviri pamusoro zvinogara zvichionekwa kubva kumadokero uye nekutengeserana maonero.
Asi zvakanyanya kupfuura izvozvo. Nyika yezuva rinokwira ine yakafara uye dzakasiyana mimhanzi kugadzirwa, ese ari echinyakare mutinhimira uye marudzi akaunzwa kunze.
Kuitika kwepasi rose kwakaita kuti zviwi zvekuJapan zvinzwe nekubatana nziyo dzepop nedombo. Uye kune zvakare nzvimbo yemumhanzi wakaberekerwa muCaribbean basin senge iyo reggae uye salsa.
Chinyakare mumhanzi wechiJapanese
Iyo inonyanya kuoneka tsika yekuJapan yemimhanzi yakabatana zvakanyanya neZen Buddhism. The Komuso, boka remamongi, rakagadzirwa mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX tsika inozivikanwa sekufungisisa kwakanaka.
Kusvika padanho repamusoro rekufungisisa uye kusvika pakudarika pamweya kuburikidza neruzivo, Panguva yekudzidzira kwekufungisisa, manzwi eShakuhachi anonzwika kumashure. Iyi nyere-bhuti yemishenjere ine maburi mashanu; mutambi anofanira kuibata yakatwasuka, senge yekurekodha yekumadokero.
Iwo mabhawa haana kuvandudzwa. Maitiro echord anoshandiswa pazvikamu zvekufungisisa akapfuudzwa "nemuromo" uye zvinonzwika kuzvizvarwa zvitsva zvemamonki.
Asi kwenguva refu kurira kwekufungisisa kusati kwagadziriswa, uye iine mamwe marudzi emimhanzi, kubva muzana ramakore rechisere, munguva yaNara, Chimiro chemimhanzi yechiBhudha yemitambo inonzi Shomyo yakazozivikanwa.
Mumimhanzi, chimiro chayo chaive chepakutanga. Pasi pemabatiro akareruka, pasina kubatika kwechiridzwa uye kunoenderana nepentatonic sikero, kwaya yakadzokorora ma sutras (hurukuro dzaBuddha kana vadzidzi vake vepedyo).
Iyo Gagaku: ChiJapan classical mumhanzi
Shanduro chaiyo yeshoko rekuti Gagaku mimhanzi inoyevedza. Kubva kutanga kwezana ramakore rechisere, zvichienderana nekupera kwenguva yaAsanka, ndiyo mimhanzi inoitwa mudare reumambo. Iyi nguva yakakoshawo zvakanyanya munhoroondo yeJapan, sezvo Buddhism yakaunzwa.
Iyo Gagaku haina kumira kuchinja. Akafanirwa kukunda ese mafambiro enhoroondo yeJapan. Vaimbi vayo vaifanira kutama kubva kuguta kuenda kuguta, nguva yega yega guta guru renyika parinoshandura marongero. Kubva 710 anga ari maguta makuru eJapan Nara, Kyoto, Osaka, Koka, Kobe uye kubvira 1868 Tokyo. Vamwe vanyori venhoroondo vanotaura kuti hapana gwaro rinopa zviri pamutemo mamiriro ehupfumi hwenyika kune vekupedzisira, saka zviri pamutemo Kyoto iri - mukufunga - iro guta hombe renyika.
Iko kukurudzira kweGagaku kwakanzwika kupfuura mimhanzi yeJapan neAsia. Pakati pezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, vamwe vanyori vekumadokero vekare vakadai sevaAmerican Henry Cowell naAlan Hovhaness, vakazvitora sehwaro hwezvimbo zvavo zvakati wandei. VaFrance Oliver Hessiaen, veBritish Benjamin Britten uye American Lou Harrinson vakaita zvimwechetezvo.
Kubva 2009 uye nekuzivisa kweUNESCO, Gagaku inyika isingabatike yeHumanity.
Zviridzwa zvechivanhu
Mukuwedzera kune nyere Sakuachi, zvimwe zviridzwa zviri chikamu chemumhanzi wechiJapan ndeizvi:
- Hichiriki: oboe diki yakagadzirwa ne bamboo. Inoburitsa ruzha rwakanyanya uye runoshandiswa mumitauro yese yekudzokorora nhetembo.
- Shamishen: zvine hunyanzvi, chimbo chakafanana nekirasikari yechinyakare, kunyange hazvo yakaonda uye iine tambo nhatu chete. Mumwe mutsauko ndewekuti iro bhodhi rezwi rakanyanya kufanana nere dhiramu. Inoridzwa uchishandisa plectrum kana mashanga, iyo inorova tambo uye ganda rinovhara chimbo panguva imwe chete.
Yaimbove yakashandiswa mukugadzira kwayo dehwe rekatsi kana imbwa. Mazuva ano, zvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki zvinoshandiswa.
- Biwa: kufanana neShamishen, Icho chiridzwa chaicho chemumhanzi wechiJapan, kunyangwe chiri chekuChinese mavambo. Yakanyanya kufanana neyekumadokero lute.
- Ryuteki: nenyere. Kusiyana nesakuachi, ine maburi manomwe uye inotambiswa zvine mutsindo. Pakati petsika dzechiJapan, ndiko kumiririrwa kwakanaka kwemadragoni achikwira kudenga.
- Taiko: ichi ndicho chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kuratidza uye zviratidzwa mukati memutambo wechiJapan.
Pakati peXNUMXth uye XNUMXth century, iyo taiko yakashandiswa mukati mehondo dzehondo. Dzakashandiswa zvese kutyisidzira mauto evavengi, uye kutumira mameseji kumauto akabatana.
Mukati memimhanzi yechinyakare, kumi-daiko zvakajairika, mapoka emimhanzi akaumbwa chete nevatambi vechiridzwa ichi.
Iyo yakaratidzawo kuve yakanyanyisa kuita, kuve chikamu chemazuvano ejazi mabhendi kana mukati meakakura echinyakare mimhanzi orchestra.
- Koto: ichi ndechimwe chiridzwa chehuni chakanangana negitare, inowanzo kuve netambo gumi nenhatu. Nekudaro, pane misiyano yakawanda, kusanganisira prototypes anosvika makumi masere tambo.
Mumhanzi wechiJapanese munguva dzekudyidzana kwenyika
Vamwe vafundisi vanonongedza izvo Mumhanzi wechiJapan kwemazana emakore anga ari pasi pesimba retsika dzekunze. Pakutanga, kuswedera pedyo, kuwedzera pakurwisana kwakawanda neChina neKorea, kwaive nesimba panzwi rezvitsuwa zveJapan pamwe nevaya vavakidzani vayo.
Zvisinei, shanduko huru yakaitika kubva panguva yeMeiji, pakupera kwezana ramakore gumi nemasere uye kutanga kwaXNUMX. Makore makumi mana nemashanu nyika iyi yaitongwa naMeiji Emperor, zvinoreva kuvhurwa kukuru kweJapan yakananga kuMadokero, uko hunyanzvi hwakakanganiswa zvakanyanya.
Iyo chaiyo yekufananidzwa kwevaimbi venyika yezuva rinobuda kuenda kumadokero mutinhimira weakasiyana kwazvo, yakaitika mushure meChipiri Hondo Yenyika. Rock, jazz, blues, uye heavy metal, pakati pemamwe marudzi, zvakave zvakajairika pakati pevateereri veJapan..
Ya Mumakore makumi masere, mukati meJapan maive nemutupo unokatyamadza weRatin neCaribbean mutinhimira, ine salsa uye reggae mune yekutanga odha. Imwe yenyaya dzinoyeukwa zvakanyanya ndeye Orchestra yechiedza, salsa ensemble yakaumbwa chete nevaimbi vekuJapan vaiimba muchiSpanish neChirungu, pamwe neJapan.
Zvinyorwa zvemifananidzo: YouTube / Positivando lo Cotidiano - blogger