Waƙar Jafananci galibi ana alakanta ta da annashuwa, tunani, da yoga, kuma tare da kwanciyar hankali, kwanciyar hankali, kwanciyar hankali da jituwa. Duk abin da ke sama koyaushe ana gani daga yanayin yamma da kasuwanci.
Amma ya fi haka. Ƙasar fitowar rana tana da faɗin kiɗa iri -iri, duka ƙwaƙƙwaran asali da nau'ikan shigo da su.
Lamarin dunkulewar duniya ya sanya tsibirin tsibirin Jafan su ji kuma su taɓa juna wakokin pop da rock. Kuma akwai kuma sarari don kiɗan da aka haifa a cikin kwarin Caribbean kamar su salsa da reggae.
Waƙar japan na gargajiya
Mafi yawan al'adun kiɗan Jafananci suna da alaƙa da Zen Buddha. Komuso, rukunin sufaye, sun haɓaka wani aiki da aka sani da sautin tunani a farkon ƙarni na XNUMX.
Don isa matsakaicin matakin maida hankali da kai ƙimar ruhaniya ta hanyar ilimi, Yayin darussan tunani ana jin sautin Shakuhachi a bango. Wannan sarewar bamboo mai rami biyar; mai kunnawa dole ne ya riƙe shi a tsaye, kamar mai rikodin yamma.
Ba a inganta sanduna ba. An watsa hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da su don zaman bimbini "da baki" kuma a saurara ga sabbin tsararrun sufaye.
Amma tun kafin zuzzurfan tunani ya zama mai tsari, kuma tare da shi wasu nau'ikan kiɗa, daga ƙarni na XNUMX, lokacin Nara, wani salon kiɗan liturgical na Buddha da ake kira Shomyo ya zama sananne.
A kida, tsarinsa na asali ne. A ƙarƙashin daidaituwa mai sauƙi, ba tare da rakiyar kayan aiki ba kuma bisa ga sikelin pentatonic, wani mawaƙa ya karanta sutras (maganganun Buddha ko almajiransa na kusa).
Gagaku: Kiɗan gargajiya na Jafan
Fassara ta zahiri na kalmar Gagaku kyakkyawar kida ce. Tun farkon karni na XNUMX, wanda yayi daidai da ƙarshen lokacin Asanka, kida ce da ake yin ta a kotun masarautar. Hakanan wannan lokacin yana da mahimmanci musamman a tarihin Japan, tunda an gabatar da addinin Buddha.
Gagaku bai daina ci gaba ba. Dole ne ya shawo kan duk faɗuwar tarihin Japan. Mawaƙan ta sun yi ƙaura daga birni zuwa birni, duk lokacin da babban birnin ƙasar ya canza haɗin gwiwa. Tun 710 sun kasance manyan biranen Japan Nara, Kyoto, Osaka, Koka, Kobe kuma tun 1868 Tokyo. Wasu masana tarihi sun nuna cewa babu wata takaddar da a hukumance ta ba da matsayin babban birnin ƙasar zuwa na ƙarshe, don haka bisa doka Kyoto shine - a ka'idar - babban birni na ƙasar.
An ji tasirin Gagaku fiye da kiɗan Japan da Asiya. A cikin karni na XNUMX, wasu mawakan gargajiya na Yammacin Turai irin su Amurka Henry Cowell da Alan Hovhaness, sun ɗauke ta a matsayin tushen abubuwan da suka tsara. Faransanci Oliver Hessiaen, Biritaniya Benjamin Britten da Ba'amurke Lou Harrinson sun yi haka.
Tun daga 2009 da sanarwar UNESCO, Gagaku Abun Gwanin Dan Adam ne.
Kayan gargajiya
Baya ga sarewar Sakuachi, sauran kayan aikin da ke cikin waƙar Jafananci sune:
- Hichiriki: ƙaramin ƙanƙara da aka yi da bamboo. Yana fitar da sautin da ba shi da daɗi kuma ana amfani da shi a duk salo na karatun waƙa.
- Shamishen: a tsari, kayan aiki ne mai kama da na gargajiya na gargajiya, ko da yake da sirara da yawa tare da kirtani uku kawai. Wani banbanci shine cewa allon sauti ya fi na ganga. Ana yin ta ta amfani da plectrum ko bambaro, wanda ke bugun kirtani da fatar da ke rufe kayan aiki a lokaci guda.
A da, ana amfani da fata ga kuliyoyi ko karnuka a ƙera ta. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da abubuwan filastik.
- Biwa: like the Shamishen, Kayan aiki ne na kiɗan Jafan, kodayake asalin China ne. Yayi kama da lute na yamma.
- Ryteki: sarewar bamboo ce. Ba kamar sakuachi ba, ya ƙunshi ramuka bakwai kuma ana wasa da shi ta juzu'i. A cikin al'adun Jafananci, shine sautin wakilcin dodanni masu hawa sama.
- Taiko: wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi sifa da kayan kida a cikin al'adar kiɗan Japan.
A cikin ƙarni na XNUMX da XNUMX, an yi amfani da taiko a cikin bataliyar yaƙi. An yi amfani da su duka biyu don tsoratar da sojojin abokan gaba, da kuma aika saƙonni ga sojojin kawance.
A cikin kiɗan mutane, kumi-daiko na kowa ne, ƙungiyoyin kaɗe -kaɗe da suka ƙunshi musamman na masu yin wannan kayan kida.
Hakanan ya tabbatar da cewa yana da matukar dacewa, zama wani ɓangare na mawaƙan jazz na zamani ko cikin manyan kaɗe -kaɗe na gargajiya.
- Koto: wannan wani kayan aikin katako ne da ke da alaƙa da guitar, yawanci ya ƙunshi kirtani goma sha uku. Koyaya, akwai bambance -bambancen da yawa, gami da samfura har zuwa kirtani 80.
Kiɗan Jafananci a lokutan duniya
Wasu masanan sun nuna hakan Waƙar Jafananci tsawon ƙarnuka yana ƙarƙashin rinjayar al'adun ƙasashen waje. Da farko, kusancin, ban da rikice -rikice masu yawa tare da China da Koriya, yana da tasiri kan sautin tsibirin Jafananci tare da na maƙwabtan yankin.
Duk da haka, babban canji ya faru daga lokacin Meiji, a ƙarshen karni na XNUMX da farkon XNUMX. Shekaru 45 da Sarkin Meiji ke mulkin kasar, yana nuna babban buɗe Japan zuwa Yammacin Turai, inda fasaha ya yi tasiri sosai.
Tabbatattun haɗe -haɗe na mawaƙan ƙasar fitowar rana zuwa rudun yamma na mafi bambancin, ya faru bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu. Rock, jazz, blues, da karfe mai nauyi, tsakanin sauran nau'ikan, ya zama ruwan dare tsakanin masu sauraron Jafananci..
Ya A cikin 80s, a cikin Japan an sami tashin hankali na Latin da Caribbean, tare da salsa da reggae a cikin tsari na farko. Daya daga cikin abubuwan da aka fi tunawa dasu shine na Ƙungiyar makaɗa ta haske, wani gungu na salsa wanda ya kunshi na mawaƙan Japan waɗanda suka rera waƙa a cikin Mutanen Espanya da Ingilishi, da kuma Jafananci.
Tushen hoto: YouTube / Positivando lo Cotidiano - blogger