El umnikelo kumasiko nomlando wendawo yonke wobuciko bomculo wase-ItalyKwaqala ngisho kudala ngaphambi kokuba lesi sizwe sisungulwe.
Kepha umculo wase-Italy udlulela phambili kakhulu. Ezinye izazi-mlando zikuchaza njengobuciko be-eclectic. Ngokwandiswa kwemingcele yamaRoma, kwakudla isigqi nezitayela zezindawo ezinqotshiwe. Ngokufana, abaculi base-Italy babengenandaba nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ukugcina imisindo yabo ihlanzekile.
Ithonywe kakhulu yiGrisi-njengokuboniswa kwayo okuningi kobuciko boMbuso Omdala-, i-opera isungule uhlobo lomculo oluhamba phambili. Futhi kanye nayo, yonke imikhuba yenkolo eyazalelwa enkundleni yemidlalo.
Ngisho, Ngaphakathi kwenhlonhlo yase-Italy uqobo, ukubonakaliswa okuhlukahlukene komculo kuvele ezingeni elidumile. Izinhlobonhlobo ezingazange zinyamalale ngokuhlanganiswa kwemibuso ehlukene esizweni esisodwa.
Ukusuka e-Athene kuya eRoma
Ngesikhathi Sombuso WaseRoma, umculo wawuyinto ejwayelekile ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, yize ubukhona bawo babuyindlela ethile, benziwe ngengozi. Njengoba izindawo ezintsha zanqotshwa, umsebenzi wamasiko walezi zifunda wawuthathwa njengowabo. Zasinda kanjalo-ke izinsimbi zomculo zaseGrisi yasendulo phakathi namakhulu eminyaka iYurophu yathotshelwa enhlokodolobha yase-Italy manje.
Nokho, iziphathimandla zombuso azibonisanga isithakazelo esikhulu kumasiko omculo. Emibhalweni esemthethweni kuyakhulunywa ngokuba khona kwabaculi emicimbini noma emadilini. Ngisho nokuhlola okwenziwe ngaleli qiniso kulungile. Kepha ayikaze ibe khona inhloso yokuqhubekisela phambili noma ukuthuthukisa lobu buciko. Ngokuphikisana nalokho okwenzekile ngezakhiwo noma itiyetha.
Noma kunjalo, ezingeni elidumile, izinto ezifana ne-lyre, i-monochord, icilongo nezinye eziningi, zaba umgogodla kusukela ekuqaleni kwalokho okungabizwa ngomculo wase-Italy.
Intuthuko ngeNkathi Ephakathi
Ngenkathi iRoma ihlukaniswa futhi isikhungo samandla sathuthela eConstantinople, e-peninsula yase-Italy, umculo, njengokubonakaliswa komuntu jikelele, wathola izifiso ezinqumayo.
Esokuqala salokhu kwaba ukuzalwa kwamaChantshi kaGregory. Ngokukodwa isakramente ekukhulelweni, baba ngesinye sezimpawu zokuqala zomculo - noma ngaphandle kohlelo lokubhala oluhlelekile - okwazile ukusungula imingcele ethile.
Ingqophamlando yesibili ebalulekile kwaba ukuseshwa nokuthuthuka kwezinhlelo zokubhala umculo okuphele ngokuzalwa kwepentagram.
I-Renaissance nokuzalwa kwe-Opera
Alukho uhlobo olulingana kangcono nomqondo womculo wase-Italy kune-Opera. Wazalelwa eFlorence ngo-1600 futhi wasabalala ngokushesha waya kwamanye amadolobha afana neMilan, iVenice noma iNaples.
Maphakathi ne-Renaissance, uhlobo lwayo lobudala bekungumzamo weqembu labaculi, izimbongi kanye nabantu kubuthene ku- UFlorentine Camerata ngokulwela isiGreek Tragedy.
Okunye okuvelele kwe-Opera yase-Italy kwenzeka phakathi nekhulu le-XNUMX. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukunyakaza kwavela Bel Canto (iculo elihle). Kusuka lapha abaculi abanjengoGioachino Rossini, uFrancesco Bellini noma uGaetano Donizetti bagqamile.
Kepha ngaphandle kokungabaza umqambi we-opera oyisifanekiselo kunazo zonke nguGuiseppe Verdi. Kusukela esibayeni somculi owazalelwa eLe Roncole enyakatho ne-Italy, kukhona imisebenzi URigoletto o La Traviata. Futhi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zakudala zeshashalazi likaShakespearean njenge Othello.
Lokhu kubonakaliswa okuhle kusatholakala kuyo yonke indawo kumasiko wezwe le-pasta. Noma yimuphi umvakashi olungele ukuvakasha "inkaba yomhlaba" kumele aye komunye wemikhosi eminingi ehlelwa minyaka yonke. Kubalulekile futhi ukwazi amagugu okwakha afana neLa Scala eMilan noma iLe Fenice eVenice. Zonke, izivalo ezakhelwe ikakhulukazi ukubona nokulalela i-opera.
Umculo Wensimbi
Emthunzini we-opera, ukunyakaza okubalulekile kwezomculo kuthuthukile e-Italy. Konke lokhu kuhlanganiswe ngaphakathi kwalokho okwaziwa ngokuthi yi-Italian Baroque. Iphinde yasibekelwa abaqambi nemisinga ezalwa e-Austria, eJalimane, eParis noma eRussia.
Umsebenzi ka-Antonio Vivaldi ugqamile namakhonsathi akhe e-violin ne-orchestra Izinkathi ezine zonyaka. Abanye abaqambi be-orchestra abavelele ngu-Andrea Gabrieli, uTomaso Albinoni noDominico Scarlatti. Ngisho nabaqambi abanjengoDonizetti noma uVerdi uqobo nabo bashiye izingcezu zomculo.
Umculo wase-Italy kanye nokuzibandakanya kwawo empilweni yezepolitiki
Kuwo wonke umlando, Kusukela ngesikhathi soMbuso WaseRoma, umculo wase-Italy ubelokhu ubambe iqhaza elibonakalayo empilweni yezepolitiki yenhlonhlo enamathele oLwandle iMedithera.
Endulo, izikhathi zezinkantolo namaphalamende "zenziwe zaba mnandi" ngabaculi abathile. Ngokusungulwa kwemibuso yamakhosi, imikhosi yasebukhosini - ukuqagela, ukuzalwa, imishado, njll.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa kwe-Italy, ngekhulu le-XNUMX, i-opera kaVerdi yaba iculo leRisorgimiento.
Kodwa Umculo wase-Italiya ubuye waba nohlangothi lwawo lokuvukela nokuvukela umbuso. Icala lokuqala lomculi ongafuni ukusungulwa lelo likaDomenico Cimarosa, okwathi ngo-1799 waphoqeleka ukudingiswa.
Kusukela ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX, ukunyakaza komculo okudumile kwenziwe umzamo wokuhlenga umsuka walezi zigqi. Ngasikhathi sinye, la masiko abe yindlela yokuveza izikhundla ezibucayi ngokumelene nohlelo lwamanje lwezomnotho. Futhi ngokuphikisana nobungxiwankulu nezinqubomgomo zokuhweba zamahhala.
Izikhathi zanamuhla
Ngokuvumelana nesiko lawo le-eclectic, umculo wase-Italiya uyaqhubeka nokuba yinto yonke yanamuhla.. Ngesimanjemanje, kuvele izigqi ezifana neRock noma iJazz kubasebenzi. Ngendlela efanayo, isikhathi sokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke sivumele inqwaba yabaculi abazalelwe ezweni lebhuthi, ukuba babe yizinkakha ezisezingeni lomhlaba.
ULuciano Pavarotti ungenye yezimpawu ezivelele kakhulu. Yakhiwe ngokwesiko leLa Scala eMilan, yacula umhlaba wonke futhi yathengisela ukuhlabelela okunomculo okungekho okunye.
Amanye amazwi ezimpawu zesikhathi samanje se- “pop-rock era” nguLaura Pausini, u-Eros Ramazzotti, u-Andrea Bocelli, uJovanotti, uTizano Ferro noma uZuchero.
Imithombo yesithombe: I-Rnbjunk Musica / imizuzu engama-20 / wonke ama-opera we-verdi - i-blogger