AmaXesha Aphakathi lelinye lawona maxesha aphikisayo kwimbali. Ukuvavanywa ngokujongwa ngabaninzi, kuhlekiswa ngabanye. Kukho abo bakucinga ukuba kukuchitha ixesha eluntwini. Ngelo xesha, ukuveliswa kwento esiyiqondayo namhlanje njengomculo ophakathi kwakubalulekile.
Ngexesha elimalunga newaka leminyaka elenza eli xesha, umhlaba awuzange ume. Kwakukho inkqubela phambili eninzi, ngaphandle kwesibetho, iimfazwe, njl. Ubugcisa, nangona bunemida emininzi, yenye yeendawo eziqhubele phambili kakhulu. Kwaye oku yayingumbulelo, ngokuyinxenye, kwigalelo lomculo ophakathi.
Onke amandla eCawe
La ukuwa koBukhosi baseNtshona baseRoma kunye nokusekwa koBukhosi baseByzantium, kunye nokudluliselwa okwaziwayo kweziko layo lamandla eConstantinople (namhlanje eIstanbul), baphawula ukuqala kwamaXesha Aphakathi.
Ngaphambi, ngexesha leenkulungwane zokuqala zexesha lamaKristu, abalawuli baseRoma babenika iCawa yamaKatolika amandla abanzi. Emva kokuwa kweRoma, oku kulawula kubomi bezopolitiko bamazwe amatsha kwanda.
Yonke into engavunyelwanga ngabasemagunyeni abaphezulu beecawa, yabekwa uphawu lokuba kukuwexuka kwaye ichasene neendlela zikaThixo. Ngokuchanekileyo le ngcamango isisiseko-nangona abanye bengakuvumeli ukusetyenziswa kweli gama kule meko-ikakhulu inoxanduva lokuduma kakubi okunanditshwayo ngamaXesha Aphakathi.
Inzululwazi, ezopolitiko, ifilosofi okanye ingcinga yobuntu, ubugcisa. Oko kuphakamisa imibuzo kunye nokuphakamisa ukuthandabuza kwakungavumelekanga. Imiboniso yolonwabo, ngaphandle kwemeko ezimbalwa, khange yamkelwe nayo.
Umculo osesikweni "wamaxesha aphakathi" ufumene uphawu olusebenzisayo. Nangona ekuqaleni amagunya amaKatolika ayengavumi kolu bonakaliso lobugcisa, kungekudala bayenza ingqiqo: yaba sisithuthi sokufundisa.
Oku kuzise njengesiphumo sokuba, kwinqanaba lembali, imbonakalo yomculo yamaXesha Aphakathi yahlulwe yangamabini: umculo ongcwele kunye nomculo ongcolileyo.
Umculo oyingcwele
Ngaphakathi kolu luvo kungena yonke imveliso yomculo emiselwe ukunqula uthixo. Ngokuyintloko inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nobunzima kunye nezenzo ze-Liturgical yeCawa yamaKatolika.
Ngexesha eliphakathi kunye nakwimimandla yamandulo eyayilawulwa yiRoma, ngokubanzi, umculo oyingcwele wahlulwe:
- Ingoma endala yaseRoma: kwaziwa ngokwembali nangaphantsi kwegama lengoma yakudala yaseRoma. Ukwengeza kwi phuhlisa kwikomkhulu langoku lase-Itali, elikwazileyo ukunwenwela kweminye imimandla efana ne-Great Britain ne-Ireland. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwaqheleka phakathi kweminyaka ye-1070 neye-1200.
Abanye abaphengululi boMculo ophakathi bayayichaza loo nto wabelana ngokufana okuninzi ngengoma kaGregory. Nangona ulwakhiwo lulula kakhulu.
- Ingoma yeGallican: yenze i-repertoire ye-liturgical yeGaul, imimandla namhlanje eyaziwa njengeFrance ne-Belgium. Ikwagubungele imimandla ethile e-Itali, Jemani nase Netherlands.
Imithombo ebhaliweyo enika ngqo kwiimpawu zayo ayininzi.
- Ingoma ka-Ambrosian: inegama layo kwi-Saint Ambrose, ubhishophu waseMilan ngekhulu lesine, xa uBukhosi obuDala baseRoma babusamile kwaye namaXesha Aphakathi engekaqali.
Awunazo izingqisho ezichazwe kwangaphambili, I "imivalo" yenziwe kumbhalo ofundwayo.
Ikwabizwa ngokuba yingoma yaseMilanese.
- I-Canto beneventano: i-repertoire ye-liturgical yesixeko sase-Benevento, kunye nezinye izixeko ezikumazantsi e-Itali. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ukwakheka kwayo kwenzeka phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX neye-XNUMX.
Njengokuba kwenzekile ngengoma yeGallican, Akukho mininzi imithombo ebhaliweyo enika ukukhanya okucacileyo ngendlela ekuviwe ngayo. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iingcali zibonisa ukufana nengoma ka-Ambrosian, ngakumbi ngokubhekisele kukungabikho kwesingqisho separameter.
Iingoma zikaGregory
Kwakhona kubhalwe kwisithethe somculo se-sacramental utility, Iingoma zikaGregory zifanelwe sisahluko esahlukileyo kumculo ophakathi. Bazalwe ngenxa yesidingo seCawa yamaKatolika ukudibanisa i-repertoire ye-liturgical.
Isiseko saso sikwingoma yamandulo yaseRoma. Iimpawu ezichazayo zezi:
- Isingqisho esiguqukayo, soloko sixhomekeke kwisicatshulwa esiguqulelweyo.
- Ukuphakama kunye nophawu olubonakalisiweyo lwesidima.
- I-Monodic kwaye yacula i-cappella yikwayala ethi, phantse kuzo zonke iimeko, yenziwe lilizwi lamadoda kuphela.
- Phantse yonke repertoire yabhalwa ngesiLatini.
Ukongeza, ingoma kaGregory yasebenza njengesiseko sokuphuhliswa kwetetragramma. Le yayingeyonto ngaphezulu kwesikhokelo esenziwe yimigca emine ethe tyaba, efanayo kunye ne-equidistant, eyilelwe ukulungisa imiqondiso yokuqala yomculo kubo. Ukuya esiphelweni samaXesha aPhakathi, umgca wesihlanu uya kongezwa kolu lwakhiwo, kunika inkqubo yokubhalwa komculo okusebenzayo kude kube namhlanje.
Umculo wexesha eliphakathi
Ngokuqinisekileyo, ingcinga yomculo ongahlambulukiyo ibandakanya nakuphi na ukubonakaliswa kweyona njongo yayo ingekuko ukunqula uThixo. Ngaphandle, inendlela yokudlala ebonakalayo.
Ngexesha lamaXesha Aphakathi, amaqela amabini eemvumi yayiyeyona nto isasaza ngayo. Ngokufanelekileyo:
- Ii-troubadours: zinokuqwalaselwa ngokusesikweni njenge Ababhali beengoma zokuqala kwimbali yomculo wasentshona. Babengabasemagunyeni abanamandla, bengamalungu ebukhosi.
Imixholo yeengoma zakhe yayiquka iidrama zothando okanye izibhengezo zothando, isenzo sobuqhawe kunye nokuhlutha. Kwakukho nendawo yokudlulisa iinkxalabo ezingekho mthethweni, ezinje ngokuphuhliswa kweenjongo zopolitiko okanye iingoma zomngcwabo.
Ngokungafaniyo nomculo ongcwele, isingqisho besingahambelani nesicatshulwa. Ukongeza, isiLatin salahlwa ngokupheleleyo kwaye kwasetyenziswa iilwimi ezahlukeneyo zesiRomance endaweni yazo.
- Iimvumi: aba yayingamagcisa ajikelezayo. Ngaphandle kweemvumi, ikwayimbongi, ijuggling, kunye mimes. Imiboniso yabo yayineesekisi.
Ngamaxesha amaninzi, Basebenza njengeemvumi ezihamba kunye nemidlalo ye-troubadours.
Iimbaleki yayingamalungu abantu abaqhelekileyo, eyayilungiselela ukuba abefundisi bamtshutshise ngokuqatha.
Izixhobo zomculo zamaXesha Aphakathi
Uninzi lwezixhobo ezisetyenziswa kumculo wamaxesha aphakathi zinemvelaphi yazo kwizithethe zamaGrike namaRoma. Uninzi lwazo luyaqhubeka nokusetyenziswa, ngokwahluka okuthile, namhlanje.
Uhadi, ihadi, imonchord kunye neekatala zikuluhlu. Kwakhona iimbande kunye nezinye izixhobo zomculo ezifana ne-cowbell.
Imithombo Yomfanekiso: YouTube