Umculo waseNtaliyane

Umculo waseNtaliyane

El igalelo kwinkcubeko nakwimbali yezobugcisa kumculo wase-ItaliyaIqale kwangexesha elide ngaphambi kokusekwa kwesi sizwe.

Kodwa umculo wase-Italiya uqhubeka ngakumbi. Abanye ababhali-mbali bayichaza njengobugcisa be-eclectic. Ngokwandiswa kwemida yaseRoma, yayizondla kwizingqisho kunye nezitayile zommandla owoyisiweyo. Ngaxeshanye, iimvumi zase-Italiya zazingakhathali nangaliphi na ixesha ukugcina ucoceko lwezandi zazo.

Ichatshazelwe ngamandla yiGrisi- njengezona zinto zibonakaliswayo kubukumkani obudala-, i-opera izinzile njengohlobo lomculo ophambili. Kwaye kunye nayo, yonke inkcubeko ye-liturgical eyazalwa kwindawo yokubonela.

Kwa kunjalo, Ngaphakathi peninsula yase-Italiyane uqobo, imbonakalo eyahlukeneyo yomculo ivele kwinqanaba elithandwayo. Ezahlukeneyo ezingakhange zinyamalale ngokudityaniswa kwezikumkani ezahlukeneyo kwisizwe esinye.

Ukusuka eAthene ukuya eRoma

Ngexesha loBukhosi baseRoma, umculo wawuyinto eqhelekileyo kubomi bemihla ngemihla, nangona ubukho bawo babukwindlela ethile, ngengozi. Njengoko imimandla emitsha yoyisiwe, umsebenzi wenkcubeko wale mimandla wawuthathwa njengowawo. Yindlela ezasinda ngayo izixhobo zomculo zeGrisi yakudala ngexa i-Yurophu yathotyelwa kwikomkhulu lase-Itali.

Nangona kunjalo, Amagunya asebukhosini akabonakalisanga mdla ungako kwizithethe zomculo. Kumaxwebhu asemthethweni kukhankanywa ubukho beemvumi kwimisitho okanye kwizidlo. Nokuba kuvavanyo olwenziwe kule nyani kulungile. Kodwa kwakungekho njongo yokuqhubela phambili okanye ukuphuhlisa obu bugcisa. Ngokuchasene noko kwenzekayo ngokwakha okanye yeqonga.

Okwangoku, kwinqanaba elidumileyo, izinto ezinje ngehadi, imonochord, ixilongo kunye nezinye ezininzi, zaba ngumqolo kwasekuqaleni kwento enokuthiwa ngumculo wase-Italiya.

Inkqubela phambili kumaXesha Aphakathi

Njengoko iRoma yahlulwa kwaye iziko lamandla lafudukela eConstantinople, usingasiqithi wase-Italiya, umculo, njengokubonakaliswa komntu jikelele, ufumene iimpembelelo eziqinisekileyo.

Eyokuqala kwezi yayikukuzalwa kweeNgoma zikaGregory. Ngokukodwa isakramente ekukhulelweni, baba yenye yeempawu zokuqala zomculo- nangaphandle kwenkqubo yokubhala yeskim - ekwaziyo ukuseka iiparameter ezithile.

Inqanaba lesibini elibalulekileyo yayiluphando kunye nophuhliso lweenkqubo zokubhalwa komculo eyaphela ngokuzalwa kwepentagram.

Ukuvuselelwa kunye nokuzalwa kweOpera

Akukho hlobo luwufanelayo uluvo lomculo wase-Italiya kune-Opera. Uzalelwe eFlorence kwi-1600 kwaye wasasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwezinye iidolophu ezinje ngeMilan, iVenice okanye iNaples.

Ekunene phakathi koKuvuselela, Imvelaphi yayo yayililinge leqela leemvumi, iimbongi kunye nabantu kuqokelelwe kwifayile ye- UFlorentine Camerata Ukuthethelela isihelegu seGrikhi.

Enye yeembalasane ze-Opera yase-Italiya yenzeke ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX. Ngeli xesha, intshukumo yavela Bel Canto (ingoma emnandi). Ukusuka apha amagcisa afana noGioachino Rossini, uFrancesco Bellini okanye uGaetano Donizetti abonakala.

Italia

Kodwa ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo oyena mqambi we-operatic umqambi nguGuiseppe Verdi. Ukusuka ebuhlanti bemvumi ezelwe eLe Roncole emantla e-Itali, yile misebenzi URigoletto o ITraviata. Kananjalo uhlengahlengiso lwakudala lwe Shakespearean theatre efana Othello.

Eli bonakaliso libonakaliswa kuyo yonke imisebenzi yenkcubeko yelizwe le-pasta. Nawuphi na wabakhenkethi okulungeleyo ukutyelela "inkaba yehlabathi" yakudala kufuneka aye komnye weminyhadala emininzi eququzelelwa minyaka le. Kukwabalulekile ukwazi ubuncwane bokwakha obufana neLa Scala eMilan okanye iLe Fenice eVenice. Zonke, indawo ezivalekileyo ezakhelwe ngokukodwa ukubona nokumamela opera.

Isixhobo somculo wefilm

Kwisithunzi se-opera, intshukumo ebalulekileyo yomculo iye yaphuhliswa e-Itali. Konke oku kudityaniswe kwinto eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Italian Baroque. Ikwambozwe ngabaqambi kunye nemisinga yokuzalwa e-Austria, eJamani, eParis okanye eRashiya.

Umsebenzi ka-Antonio Vivaldi ubonakala ngokucacileyo kunye neekonsathi zakhe ze-violin kunye neokhestra AmaXesha amane oNyaka. Abanye abaqambi beokhestra ababalaseleyo ngu-Andrea Gabrieli, Tomaso Albinoni, noDominico Scarlatti. Kwaye abaqambi abanjengoDonizetti okanye uVerdi ngokwakhe bashiye iziqwenga zomculo.

Umculo wase-Italiya kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kubomi bezopolitiko

Kuyo yonke imbali, Ukusukela ngexesha loBukhosi baseRoma, umculo wase-Italiya uthathe inxaxheba ebonakalayo kubomi bezopolitiko usingasiqithi ozinze kuLwandle lweMeditera.

opera

Kumaxesha amandulo, iiseshini zeenkundla kunye neepalamente "zenziwe zonwaba" zezinye iimvumi. Ngokusekwa koorhulumente bobukumkani, imibhiyozo yasebukhosini - uqikelelo, ukuzalwa, imitshato, njl. Njl.

Ngexesha lokuManyaniswa kwe-Italiya, ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, I-opera kaVerdi yaba yingoma yeRisorgimiento.

Kodwa Umculo wase-Italiya nawo unecala lawo elinemvukelo kunye novukelo. Ityala lokuqala leemvumi ezichasayo yayilelo likaDomenico Cimarosa, owathi ngo-1799 wanyanzelwa elubhacweni.

Ukusukela ukuphela kwenkulungwane yama-XNUMX, iintshukumo zomculo ezithandwayo zenze iinzame zokuhlangula imvelaphi yezi ngoma. Kwangaxeshanye, ezi zithethe ziye zaba ziindlela zokubonisa iindawo zabo ngokubaluleka ngokuchasene nenkqubo yangoku yezoqoqosho. Kwakhona ngokuchasene nobungxowankulu kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yorhwebo yasimahla.

Amaxesha anamhlanje

Ngokwenyani kwesiko layo le-eclectic, umculo wase-Italiya uyaqhubeka ukuba yinto encinci yanamhlanje.. Ngonamhlanje, izingqisho ezinje ngeRock okanye iJazz ziye zavela kubasebenzi. Ngendlela efanayo, ixesha lehlabathi lenze ukuba inani lamagcisa azalwe kwilizwe leebhuthi, abe ziinkwenkwezi ezikumgangatho wehlabathi.

ULuciano Pavarotti yenye yeempawu eziphambili. Eyilwe kwisithethe seLa Scala eMilan, yacula kwilizwe liphela kwaye yathengisa ngengoma emnandi njengengafani nenye.

Amanye amazwi omfuziselo weli xesha langoku “ngu-pop-rock era” ngu-Laura Pausini, u-Eros Ramazzotti, u-Andrea Bocelli, u-Jovanotti, u-Tizano Ferro okanye u-Zuchero.

Imithombo yemifanekiso: I-Rnbjunk Musica / imizuzu engama-20 / zonke ii-opera ze-verdi-blogger


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