Umculo waseJapan uhlala unxulunyaniswa nokuphumla, ukucamngca, kunye neyoga, ngoxolo, ukuzola, ukuzola kunye nemvisiswano. Zonke ezi zinto zingasentla zihlala zibonwa kumbono wasentshona kunye noworhwebo.
Kodwa ingaphezulu kunoko. Ilizwe eliphumayo ilanga linemveliso yomculo ebanzi eyahlukileyo, zozibini izingqisho zomthonyama kunye nohlobo lwangaphandle.
Umanyano lwehlabathi lwenze ukuba iziqithi zaseJapan zive kwaye zichukumisane iingoma zepop kunye nerock. Kwaye kukwakho nendawo yomculo ozalelwe kumazantsi eCaribbean anje nge ireggae kunye nesalsa.
Umculo wesiJapan
Esona sithethe somculo waseJapan sinxulumene ngokusondeleyo neZen Buddhism. AmaKomuso, iqela leemonki, avelisa inkqubo eyaziwa ngokuba kukucamngca ngesandi ebutsheni benkulungwane ye-XNUMX.
Ukufikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu lokuxinwa kunye nokufikelela ekudluleni ngokomoya ngolwazi, Ngexesha lokucamngca izandi zeShakuhachi zivakala ngasemva. Le yimbande yoqalo enemingxuma emihlanu; Umdlali kufuneka abambe nkqo, nje rekhoda yasentshona.
Imivalo ayizange yenziwe ngcono. Iindlela zokuhamba ezazisetyenziselwa iiseshoni zokucamngca zazidluliselwe "ngomlomo" kwaye zivakala kwizizukulwana ezitsha zeemonki.
Kodwa kwakude kudala ngaphambi kokuba ukucamngca ngesandi kube sesikweni, kunye nezinye iintlobo zomculo, ukusuka kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX, ngexesha leNara, Uhlobo lomculo we-liturgical Buddhist obizwa ngokuba ngu Shomyo waziwa.
Ngokomculo, ubume bayo babuyinto yokuqala. Ngaphantsi kokuhambelana okulula, ngaphandle kokuhambelana nezixhobo kwaye kusekwe kwisikali sepentatonic, Ikwayara ifunde ii-sutras (iintetho zikaBuddha okanye abafundi bakhe abasondeleyo).
IGagaku: Umculo weklasikhi waseJapan
Inguqulelo yokoqobo yegama elithi Gagaku ngumculo omnandi. Ukusukela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, ehambelana nokuphela kwexesha le-Asanka, ngumculo owenziwayo kwinkundla yasebukhosini. Eli xesha libaluleke ngokukodwa kwimbali yaseJapan, kuba ubuBuddha baziswa.
IGagaku ayimanga ukuvela. Kuye kwafuneka oyise yonke into eyenzeka kwimbali yaseJapan. Iimvumi zalo kuye kwafuneka ukuba zifudukele kwizixeko ngezixeko, ngalo lonke ixesha ikomkhulu lesizwe litshintshile ukulungelelanisa. Ukusukela nge-710 beziziidolophu ezinkulu zaseJapan iNara, iKyoto, i-Osaka, iKoka, iKobe ukusukela nge-1868 eTokyo. Abanye ababhali-mbali bathi akukho xwebhu lubonelela ngokusesikweni ubume belikomkhulu lelizwe, ngenxa yoko ngokusemthethweni iKyoto - ithiyori - sisixeko esiphambili selizwe.
Impembelelo kaGagaku iye yavakala ngaphaya komculo waseJapan nowaseAsia. Ngexesha le-XNUMX leminyaka, abanye abaqambi bomculo bakudala baseNtshona abanjengamaMelika uHenry Cowell kunye noAlan Hovhaness, bayithatha njengesiseko seengoma zabo ezininzi. Ama-French Oliver Hessiaen, amaBritane uBenjamin Britten kunye noMelika uLou Harrinson benza okufanayo.
Ukusukela ngo-2009 nangokubhengezwa yi-UNESCO, iGagaku lilifa leMveli loLuntu elingenakuphatheka.
Izixhobo zemveli
Ukongeza kwimbande kaSakuachi, ezinye izixhobo eziyinxalenye yomculo waseJapan zezi:
- IHichiriki: i-oboe encinci eyenziwe ngoqalo. Ikhupha isandi esibonisa umdla kwaye isetyenziswa kuzo zonke iindlela zokucengcelezwa kwesibongo.
- UShamishen: ngolwakhiwo, sisixhobo esifana nekatala yamandulo, nangona ubhityile kakhulu kwaye unentambo ezintathu kuphela. Omnye umahluko kukuba ibhodi yesandi ifana negubu. Idlalwa kusetyenziswa iplectrum okanye umququ, obetha imitya kunye nolusu olugubungele isixhobo ngaxeshanye.
Ngaphambili, ulusu lweekati okanye izinja lwalusetyenziswa ekwenzeni kwalo. Okwangoku, izinto ezenziwe ngeplastiki ziyasetyenziswa.
- Biwa: njengeShamishen, Isixhobo esiqhelekileyo somculo waseJapan, nangona inemvelaphi yaseTshayina. Ifana kakhulu ne-lute yasentshona.
- Ryuteki: yifleyiti yoqalo. Ngokungafaniyo ne-sakuachi, inemingxunya esixhenxe kwaye idlalwe ngokungafaniyo. Kwinkcubeko yaseJapan, sisandi esibonisa iidragons ezinyukela ezulwini.
- UTaiko: Esi sesinye sezixhobo ezibonakalayo kunye nemifuziselo kwisithethe somculo waseJapan.
Ngexesha le-XNUMX kunye nele-XNUMX leminyaka, i-taiko yayisetyenziswa kumkhosi wempi. Babesetyenziselwa ukoyikisa imikhosi yotshaba, kunye nokudlulisa imiyalezo kwimikhosi emanyeneyo.
Ngomculo wesintu, kumi-daiko ziqhelekile, amaqela omculo abunjwe ngokukodwa ngabadlali besixhobo sokudlala.
Kukwangqineke ukuba ubhetyebhetye kakhulu, ukuba yinxalenye yeqela lomculo wejazz okanye ngaphakathi kwiokhestra ezinkulu zomculo.
- IKoto: esi sesinye isixhobo somthi esihambelana nekatala, iqulathe imitya elishumi elinantathu. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iiyantlukwano ezininzi, kubandakanya neeprototypes ukuya kuthi ga kwimitya engama-80.
Umculo waseJapan ngamaxesha wehlabathi
Ezinye theorists zibonisa ukuba Umculo waseJapan kangangeenkulungwane uphantsi kwempembelelo yesiko langaphandle. Ekuqaleni, ukusondela, ukongeza kwiimpikiswano ezininzi ne China ne Korea, kwaba nefuthe kwizandi zamachwebakazi aseJapan kunye nezo zabamelwane.
Nangona kunjalo, inguqu enkulu yenzeke kwixesha le-Meiji, ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX nasekuqaleni kwe-XNUMX. Iminyaka engama-45 isizwe silawulwa nguMlawuli waseMeiji, sichaza ukuvulwa okukhulu kweJapan ukuya eNtshona, apho ubugcisa buchaphazeleke kakhulu.
Ukufana okuqinisekileyo kweemvumi zelizwe eliphumayo ukuya kwizingqi ezisentshona zezona zahlukeneyo, kwenzeka emva kweMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi. I-Rock, i-jazz, i-blues, kunye ne-heavy metal, phakathi kwezinye iintlobo, zaba yinto eqhelekileyo kubaphulaphuli baseJapan..
Ya Kwiminyaka ye-80s, ngaphakathi eJapan kwabakho ukwanda okubonakalayo kwesingqi seLatin kunye neCaribbean, kunye ne-salsa kunye ne-reggae ku-odolo lokuqala. Elinye lawona matyala akhunjulwayo yile Iokhestra yokukhanya, isalsa ensemble yenziwe ziimvumi zaseJapan ezazicula ngeSpanish nangesiNgesi, kunye neJapan.
Imithombo yemifanekiso: YouTube / Positivando lo Cotidiano - blogger