ICinema yenye yezobugcisa obujongwa kakhulu emhlabeni, obungenakubakho ngaphandle kwesiqwenga somdla. Nangona kunjalo, Nangona sinebali elikhethekileyo elinamandla amakhulu, akukho nto inokwenzeka ngaphandle komsebenzi obalulekileyo womlawuli. Umsebenzi womlawuli wefilimu kukuqondisa ukurekhodwa kwaye kuyenze ibhlokbuster. I-cinema yaseSpain ineetalente ezininzi kwaye namhlanje ndiza kukuxelela kancinci malunga nembali ye Abalawuli abaziintloko befilimu baseSpain esinayo namhlanje.
Omnye wemisebenzi ephambili yomlawuli kukwenza yonke into encinci! Ngokusisiseko linoxanduva lokwenza ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokuqikelela ibali ngendlela efanelekileyo kubaphulaphuli. Ngumntu owenza izigqibo eziphambili, umzekelo: ukwenza iskripthi, ukukhetha izingoma, ukunika imiyalelo kubadlali, ukongamela isithuba ngasinye kunye neekona zeekhamera ngexesha lokudubula. Kodwa ikakhulu inegalelo kumbono wakhe Kwenzeka njani ukuba ibali libaliswe ngezinto ezibalulekileyo njengokumisela uhlobo lwendalo. Apha ngezantsi ndibonisa abalawuli abathathu beSpanish abaziwayo ukuze singalahleki nakweyiphi na yeefilimu zabo.
UPedro Almodóvar
Kuqwalaselwa njenge omnye wabalawuli abanempembelelo ngaphandle kwelizwe lakhe lokuzalwa kumashumi eminyaka edluleyo. Wazalelwa eCalzada de Calatrava ngo-1949 kusapho lwama-muleteers. Wayesoloko engqongwe ngabafazi abamngqongileyo, abangoyena mthombo mkhulu wokhuthazo kwimisebenzi yakhe. Kwiminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo wafudukela kwisixeko saseMadrid esiya kufunda i-cinema; nangona kunjalo isikolo besisandula ukuvalwa. Esi siganeko asikhange sibe sisithintelo kuAlmodovar ukuba aqale ukwenza indlela yakhe. Wangena kwiqela lezemidlalo kwaye waqala ukubhala iincwadana zakhe. Kwakungekho kude kube ngo-1984 xa wayeqala ukuzazisa ngefilimu Yintoni endiyenzileyo ukuze ndikufanele oku?
Isimbo sakhe sitshabalalisa oohlohlesakhe baseSpain i-costumbrismo kuba emele ubunyani kwimisebenzi yakhe ngamanye amaxesha ekunzima ukuyilinganisa neemeko zokungahambelani ngokwentlalo. Idilesi yezihloko ezinempikiswano enkulu ezinje ngezi: iziyobisi, abantwana abathandanayo, ubufanasini, ubuhenyu kunye nokuxhatshazwa. Nangona kunjalo akaze ayityeshele eyakhe uphawu oluhlekisayo olungenantlonelo. Uthathele ingqalelo umdlali weqonga uCarmen Maura kunye noPenelope Cruz njengomnye wabadlali abathandayo kunye nabadlali.
Phakathi kwemisebenzi yakhe ephambili esiyifumanayo:
- Yonke into malunga nomama
- Buyela
- Ulusu endihlala kulo
- Thetha naye
- Ndibophe!
- Intyatyambo yemfihlo yam
- Izithende ezikude
Uye waphumelela ii-Oscars ezimbini: ngo-1999 enkosi ku "Konke malunga nomama" kwaye ngo-2002 kwiskripthi esithi "Thetha naye". Ukongeza, unikwe amabhaso eGolden Globes, amabhaso eBAFTA, amabhaso eGoya nakwiCannes Festival. Kubalulekile ukugxininisa ukuba ukongeza ekubeni ngomnye wabalawuli beefilimu abaphambili baseSpain; Ukwangumvelisi ophumeleleyo kunye nombhali wesikrini.
UAlejandro Amenábar
Ngomama onemvelaphi yaseSpain kunye notata waseChile, sifumana ubuzwe obubini kulo mlawuli awugcinayo okwangoku. Wazalwa ngo-Matshi 31, 1972 eSantiago de Chile kwaye kunyaka olandelayo usapho lwagqiba ekubeni ludlulele eMadrid. Ubuchule bakhe baqala ukukhula ukususela ebutsheni bakhe kakhulu xa wabonisa enkulu ukuthanda ukubhala kunye nokufunda, kunye nokuqamba imixholo yomculo. Uthathwa njengomnye wabalawuli abaphumeleleyo, ababhali bekhusi kunye nabaqambi bexesha lethu lobugcisa besixhenxe.
Los Imisebenzi yokuqala ka-Amenábar yayineefilimu ezimfutshane ezine ikhutshwe phakathi kuka-1991 no-1995. Uqale ukufumana udumo ngo-1996 ngemveliso "ye-Thesis", eyonwabisayo etsala umdla obalulekileyo kwiBerlin Film Festival kwaye yaphumelela amabhaso asixhenxe eGoya. Ngo-1997 wavelisa "i-Abre los ojos", umboniso bhanyabhanya wezenzululwazi owatshayela iminyhadala yaseTokyo neBerlin. Iyelenqe lashiya umlingisi waseMelika uTom Cruise echukumisekile kangangokuba wagqiba kwelokuba afumane amalungelo okwenza uhlengahlengiso olwakhutshwa ngo-2001 phantsi kwesihloko esithi "Vanilla Sky."
Imveliso yesithathu yomlawuli enesandi esikhulu ngumboniso bhanyabhanya odumileyo "Abanye" abalingana noNicole Kidman. neyakhutshwa kumabala emidlalo ngo-2001. Ikwabekwa njengeyona movie ibukelweyo kakhulu eSpain.
Enye yeefilimu zakhe zamva nje apho asebenzisana khona njengomlawuli yayingo-2015, enesihloko esithi "Regression", eyayijolise ku-Emma Watson kunye no-Ethan Hawke.
Ezinye izihloko awenze ngazo igalelo njengomlawuli, umvelisi, umbhali wengoma, okanye umdlali weqonga zezi zilandelayo:
- Ukuya elwandle
- Ububi babanye
- Ulwimi lwamabhabhathane
- Akukho mntu waziyo mntu
- Agora
- Me encanta
U-Amenábar unembasa ye-Oscar kwimbali yayo, ukongeza kwinani elikhulu lamabhaso eGoya.
UJuan Antonio Bayona
Wazalwa ngo-1945 kwisixeko saseBarcelona, unamawele kwaye uvela kusapho oluthobekileyo. Mnawaqala umsebenzi wakhe wobugcisa eneminyaka engama-20 ngokwenza intengiso kunye nevidiyo yeminye imiculo yomculo. UBayona wamkela uGuillermo del Toro njengomcebisi wakhe awadibana naye ngexesha lomnyhadala wefilimu iSitges ka-1993.
Kwi 2004, umbhali wefilimu «Inkedama» wanikela iskripthi kuBayonne. Ukubona isidingo sokuphinda kabini uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali kunye nexesha lefilimu, ucela uncedo lukaGuillermo del Toro onikezela ukuvelisa imiboniso bhanyabhanya ekhutshwa kwiminyaka emithathu kamva kumnyhadala weCannes. Ukuchwayita kwabaphulaphuli kuhlala phantse imizuzu elishumi!
Omnye wemisebenzi efanelekileyo yomlawuli uhambelana nomdlalo weqonga «Okungenakwenzeka» Ifaka uNaomi Watts kwaye wakhululwa ngo-2012. Eli yelenqe libalisa ibali losapho nentlekele eyayiphila ngexesha le-tsunami yoLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya ngo-2004. Ifilimu ikwazile ukuzibeka kwindawo yokuqala njengeyona mpumelelo eSpain ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ifumana i-8.6 yezigidi zeedola kwimpelaveki yokuvula.
Ukongeza, kwi-2016 umboniso bhanyabhanya "Isilo esiza kundibona" saqala sabonwa eSpain. Ummangaliso omkhulu uza xa umlawuli owaziwayo USteven Spielberg ukhetha iBayona ukuba ikhokele isitofu sokugqibela seJurassic World kwi2018: "I-Fallen Kingdom."
Kuthekani ngabanye abalawuli befilimu baseSpain?
Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, maninzi amagcisa anyukayo. Sifumana abalawuli bathanda U-Icíar Bollaín, uDaniel Monzón, uFernando Trueba, uDaniel Sanchez Arévalo, uMario Camus noAlberto Rodríguez esingafanele ukuba silahlekelwe ngumkhondo ngaye. Umsebenzi wakhe uqala ukufumana igama ngaphakathi kwishishini ngezindululo zakhe.
Abalawuli beefilimu baxhomekeke kuhlahlo-lwabiwo mali, ukongeza kuthintelo oluthile kubenzi bamabali. Ukanti umsebenzi wakhe ngumqolo wawo nawuphi na umsebenzi weqonga. Bubugcisa bokwenyani ukutolika ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokulungelelanisa izimvo zabanye abantu ukuzidlulisela kubaphulaphuli abaninzi kwaye baziguqulele kwimpumelelo!