El mupiro kutsika uye nhoroondo yepasirese yehunyanzvi hwemimhanzi yeItalyZvakatanga kunyangwe kare nyika iyi isati yatangwa.
Asi mimhanzi yeItaly inopfuura ipapo. Vamwe vezvakaitika kare vanozvitsanangura seyounyanzvi hwekufungidzira. Nekuwedzera kwemiganhu yeRoma, zvaive zvichidya pamitambo uye masitayera enharaunda dzakakundwa. Mukufananidza, vaimbi veItaly havana hanya chero nguva kuchengetedza ruzha rwemheremhere yavo.
Yakanyanya kufurirwa neGirisi- senge hwakawanda hwayo hunyanzvi hwekuratidzwa kweiyo Hwekare Humambo-, opera yakazvisimbisa pachayo semhando yemumhanzi genre. Uye pamwe chete nazvo, zvese zvetsika tsika zvakaberekerwa munhandare.
Kunyange, Mukati meItari peninsula pachayo, kuratidzwa kwakasiyana siyana kwemimhanzi kwakaonekwa padanho rakakurumbira. Mhando dzakasiyana dzisina kutsakatika nekubatanidzwa kwehumambo hwakasiyana murudzi rumwe chete.
Kubva kuAtene kuenda kuRoma
Munguva yehumambo hweRoma, mimhanzi yaiwanzo kuve chinhu chehupenyu hwezuva nezuva, kunyangwe kuvapo kwayo kuri mune imwe nzira, netsaona. Sezvo nharaunda nyowani dzakakundwa, basa retsika rematunhu aya rakafungidzirwa kunge ravo. Aya ndiwo mararamire akaridzwa zviridzwa zveGreek Yekare mukati memazana emakore Europe payakakundwa kuguta guru reItari.
Zvisinei, masimba eumambo haana kuratidza kufarira kukuru mutsika dzemimhanzi. Mumagwaro epamutemo panotaurwa nezvekuvapo kwevaimbi kumhemberero kana kumabiko. Kunyangwe kuongororwa kwakaitwa pachinhu ichi kwakanaka. Asi pakanga pasina kumbove nechinangwa chekuenderera kana kusimudzira hunyanzvi. Kupesana nezvakaitika nemapurani kana theatre.
Zvakadaro, padanho rakakurumbira, zvinhu zvakaita serimba, monochord, hwamanda nezvimwe zvakawanda, zvakava musana kubva pakutanga kweinogona kunzi mimhanzi yeItaly.
Kufambira mberi muMiddle Ages
Roma payakakamurwa uye nzvimbo yemasimba ichienda kuConstantinople, muItari peninsula, mimhanzi, sekuratidzwa kwepasirese kwevanhu, yakagamuchirwa nekukurumidza.
Yokutanga yeiyi yaive kuberekwa kweGregorian Chants. Pamwe chete nesakaramende pakubata pamuviri, vakava chimwe chekutanga kuratidzwa kwemimhanzi uko - kunyangwe pasina chirongwa chekodhi - chakakwanisa kumisikidza mamwe ma parameter.
Chechipiri chakakosha chiitiko chaive chekutsvaga uye kusimudzira kwemimhanzi notation masystem iyo yakaguma nekuzvarwa kwepentagram.
Iyo Renaissance uye kuberekwa kweOpera
Iko hakuna mhando iyo inokodzera zviri nani pfungwa yemumhanzi weItaly kupfuura Opera. Akazvarwa muFlorence muna 1600 uye nekukurumidza akapararira kune mamwe maguta akadai seMilan, Venice kana Naples.
Pakati chaipo peiyo Renaissance, genesis yayo yaive yekuyedza neboka revaimbi, vadetembi uye nevanhu vakaungana mu Florentine Camerata yekusimbisa Nhamo yechiGiriki.
Chimwe chezviitiko zveItaly Opera chakaitika mukati mezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Munguva ino, kufamba kwakabuda Bel Canto (rwiyo rwakanaka). Kubva pano maartist akaita saGioachino Rossini, Francesco Bellini kana Gaetano Donizetti vanobuda.
Asi pasina kupokana munyori wechiratidzo anonyanya kuratidza Guiseppe Verdi. Kubva peni yemuimbi akaberekerwa muLe Roncole kuchamhembe kweItari, ndiwo mabasa Rigoletto o The Traviata. Zvakare kugadziridzwa kweShakespearean theatre Classics senge Othello.
Iyi nhanho kuratidzwa kuchiri kwese kwese mukati mechinyakare chiitiko chenyika yepasta. Chero ani mushanyi akagadzirira kushanyira yekare "guvhu renyika" anofanirwa kuenda kune imwe yemafaro mazhinji akarongeka gore rega. Izvo zvakare zvakakosha kuziva mapurani matombo akadai seLa Scala muMilan kana Le Fenice muVenice. Ose iwo, akavharirwa akavakirwa kunyanya kuona nekuteerera opera.
Music Instrumental
Mumumvuri weopera, yakakosha mimhanzi inofamba muItaly. Zvese izvi zvakasanganiswa mukati mezvinozivikanwa seItari Baroque. Zvakafukidzirwawo nevanyori uye mafambiro akaberekerwa muAustria, Germany, Paris kana Russia.
Basa raAntonio Vivaldi rinobuda pachena uye makonzati ake e violin uye orchestra Mwaka mina. Vamwe vanyori vakakurumbira vemimhanzi ndiAndrea Gabrieli, Tomaso Albinoni, naDominico Scarlatti. Kunyangwe vanyori vakaita saDonizetti kana Verdi iyewo akasiya zvidimbu zvekuridza.
Mimhanzi yeItari uye kutora kwayo hupenyu hwematongerwo enyika
Pakati penhoroondo, Kubva panguva yehushe hweRoma, mimhanzi yeItaly yave ichitora chikamu chinoshanda muhupenyu hwematongerwo enyika yepeninsula yakasungirirwa muGungwa reMediterranean.
Munguva dzekare, zvikamu zvematare nematare eparamende "zvakawedzerwa" nevamwe vaimbi. Nekugadzwa kwehutongi hwehumambo, mhemberero dzehumambo - fungidziro, kuzvarwa, michato, nezvimwe - vaive nemimhanzi yaiitika, yakanyorwa kunyanya pachiitiko chega chega.
Munguva yekubatana kweItari, muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX, opera naVerdi yakava rwiyo rweRisorgimiento.
Asi Mumhanzi weItaly wakavewo neupanduki uye shanduko. Nyaya yekutanga yemuimbi anopesana-kusimbisa yaive yaDomenico Cimarosa, uyo muna 1799 akamanikidzwa kuenda muhunhapwa.
Kubva kupera kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, mimhanzi yakakurumbira kufamba kwakaita kuyedza kununura kwakatangira idzi mutinhimira. Panguva imwecheteyo, tsika idzi dzave nzira dzekuratidzira zvakakomba zvinopesana nehurongwa hwehupfumi hwazvino. Zvakare mukupokana ne capitalism uye emahara emitemo yekutengeserana.
Nguva dzemazuva ano
Ichokwadi kune yaro tsika yakasarudzika, mimhanzi yeItaly inoenderera ichiri zvishoma zvezvinhu zvese nhasi.. Nemazuva ano, mutinhimira wakadai seRock kana Jazz wakaonekwa pane vashandi. Nenzira imwecheteyo, iyo nguva yekudyidzana kwepasi rose yakabvumidza huwandu hwakanaka hwevanyori vakaberekerwa munyika yebhoti, kuti vave nyeredzi dzepasi rese.
Luciano Pavarotti ndeimwe yeakakurumbira mifananidzo. Yakagadzirwa mutsika yeLa Scala muMilan, yakashambadzira uye kushambadzira kuimba zvine rwiyo senge hapana mumwe.
Mamwe manzwi ekufananidzira eazvino "pop-rock era" ndiLaura Pausini, Eros Ramazzotti, Andrea Bocelli, Jovanotti, Tizano Ferro kana Zuchero.
Zvinyorwa zvemifananidzo: Rnbjunk Musica / 20 maminetsi / ese verdi's opera - blogger